Theanine absorption and metabolism

Oral theanine into the human body through the intestinal mucosa brush border to be absorbed into the blood, tissues and organs spread through the blood circulation, partially excreted in the urine in the kidneys is decomposed. Is absorbed into the blood and liver of theanine concentration decreased after one hour, the brain of theanine in 5 hours after the highest days before, 24 hours after the body was gone theanine, in the form of urine discharge.

Magical theanine

Theanine is a unique tea free amino acids. Theanine has a sweet taste, it is the main component of sweet tea moisture. (1) may affect neurotransmitters in the brain, improve memory (2) sedation can prevent neurological disorders, insomnia, premenstrual syndrome, and so on. (3) protects nerve cells may be used to prevent cerebral embolism, cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer's and other diseases. (4) have hypotensive effect (5) can enhance anti-cancer drugs (6) and its efficacy can inhibit cancer cell invasion (7) can improve immunity.

Lycopene in the animal feed

Rao (2000), Takeoka et al. (2001) study found that serum and tissue lycopene levels showed a significant negative correlation with the occurrence of many chronic diseases, add tomato red in animal feed element natural plant extract can effectively prevent a variety of diseases, Lycopene Oil ,the protection of animal body to avoid infringement, reduce the loss of animal husbandry.

Lycopene physical and chemical effect

Singlet oxygen and peroxyl radicals in vivo has strong activity of free radicals, lycopene can synergy by physical and chemical methods, singlet oxygen quenching and capture the excessive body and peroxide free radicals.

  Pan et al. (2004) to study the effect of lycopene on Antioxidation of rats body, test 4 weeks after (instant fruit drink powder) the detection of plasma and liver in rats SOD (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), compared with the control group the experimental group rats, SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC activity increased significantly, MDA content had significantly lower trend, that Lycopene Softgels with antioxidation function.

The free radical in the role of lycopene

Free radicals（ lycopene oil ） can stimulate the growth and differentiation of cells at low concentrations, which is protective agent cells from damage and infection.

  However, free radicals ( Lycopene Softgels )containing unpaired electrons is highly reactive, triggered a chain reaction of free radical easily at high concentrations, caused by DNA, proteins and lipids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids macromolecules such as degeneration and crosslinking, DNA damage, biological membrane, an important structure protein and the function of protein.

  The antioxidant capacity in many of the carotenoid lycopene Astaxanthin  in the strongest, the main reason is because of its molecules containing multiple conjugated double bond and lycopene in chemistry during the regeneration effect.

That 's astaxanthin!

In 1944 the British biochemist Tisher -- first  confirmed the red substance is astaxanthin.

  Mcpherson astaxanthin is a carotenoid, since the 90's of last century, the domestic surgery circles caused great concern and has done a large number of experimental studies.

  The research results show that,astaxanthin is found to be the strongest natural antioxidants to this day , antioxidant ability is 550 times of vitamin E!

Haematococcus pluvialis's strong vitality is thanks to this layer of protective shield to astaxanthin .

Inoculation uterus for natural astaxanthin

A large number of study shows that  Haematococcus pluvialis's accumulation rate and the total production of astaxanthin is higher than the other  algae. Haematococcus astaxanthin with its esters content ratio (single monoester, diester and about 70% 5% 25%) and the ratio of aquaculture animal itself is very similar, which is the advantage of astaxanthin extraction through chemical synthesis and  the use of  phaffiarhodozyma do not possess .

  In addition, the structure of astaxanthin in haematococcuspluvialis mainly consists of 3S 3 'S type, consistent with the salmon and other aquatic organisms astaxanthin structure, and the structure of Phaffia rhodozyma astaxanthin is a 3 R type 3R.

  Haematococcus pluvialis was recognized as the best biological, production of natural astaxanthin  in nature, therefore, there's no doubt  have wide development perspective undoubtedly for using this microalgae extract astaxanthin,which has become a hot research topic in the international on the production of natural astaxanthin.

Physical and chemical properties of astaxanthin

Astaxanthin chemical name: 3, 3 '- two hydroxy -4, 4' - two keto beta carotene, cytochrome Aj067-69 CAS No: 472-61-7, a molecular formula of C40H52O4, the molecular weight of 596.86.For both ends of the hydroxyl (-OH) optical reasons,astaxanthin has the 3 different patterns of3S-3'S, 3R-3' S, 3R-3'R (also known as left-handed, meso, right) , in which a mixture of artificial synthetic astaxanthin is 3 kinds of structure of astaxanthin (sinistral dextral accounted for 25%, accounted for 25%, eliminating internal rotating about 50%), few antioxidant activity, be quite different from astaxanthin  of aquaculture organisms such as  salmon (in the trans structure -- 3S-3 S type)  .

  Astaxanthin of yeast source is 100% right-handed (3R-3'R),with part of antioxidant activity.

  The two sources of astaxanthin mainly used innon food animals and supplies coloring.Only astaxanthin of algae source is 100% L (3S-3'S) structure, with the strongest biological activity.

Theanine，activists in animals and plants

Many physiological functions of tea was confirmed by scientific, the health composition has aroused people's widespread interest. Research on tea polyphenols at the beginning of last century has made great achievements.In recent studies of other health ingredients of tea ,theanine is a more noticeable compound .

Theanine is one of the unique chemical components of tea  , aka N- ethyl - -L- glutamine, accounted for 50% in the total free amino acid of tea  and 1% to 2% of the dry weight of tea . Theanine is white needle crystal, solubling in water, with the sweet and fresh crisp taste, taste thresholds of 0.06%,which is the main component of tea fresh taste.

• metabolism in plants

  Theanine in tea root ,synthesis of glutamic acid and triethylamine which catalyzed by theanine synthetase, and then sendto the leaf through the branches, accumulating in the leaves. The first leaf and bud content in the highest, gradually reduce down. In the light irradiation theanine  will be decomposed into glutamic acid and ethylamine. Glutamate turns to nitrogen source, triethylamine was used for the synthesis of catechins after oxidated. The catabolism of shielding the light condition was inhibited in.

  Therefore, the content of Theanine in tea shade cultivation of higher. The opposite is the high content of polyphenols. Japanese Yulu, grinding tea (Matcha tea raw material) is the use of shading cultivation method to improve tea tea ammonia acid content.

• metabolism in animals

  Oral administration of theanine absorbed by brush border of intestinal mucosa . Uptaking mode is similar to glutamine  ,which need carrier depending on sodium ion , but the affinity lower  7 times than glutamine . Absorbed theanine rapidly into the blood and liver, these of brain, blood and liver  reached maximum in 1 hours before and after.  

  Theanine concentration in the brain  arrive the highest in 5 hours , then decreased gradually, which gone after 24 hours of these organizations .

  Site of metabolism of theanine is kidney, part in the kidney decomposed into triethylamine and glutamate excreted through the urine , another part direct ly discharge in vitro.